Miqat, an Arabic word, refers to "a specific
place" or "boundary" where pilgrims have to wear ihram clothes;
these pre-defined boundaries may also not be crossed in the case of ihram. Any
person who crosses these boundaries without entering the above-mentioned state
must present an animal sacrifice (Daam) as a penance.
There are five Meeqaat, four of which are explained in the
hadeeth narrated by 'Abd-Allaah ibn Abbas (RA):
“ALLAH’s Messenger (S.A.W)
had fixed Dhul Hulayfah as the Miqat for the people of Madinah; al-Juhfah for
the people of Sham; and Qarn al-Manazil for the people of Najd; and Yalamlam
for the people of Yemen. So, these (above mentioned) are the Mawaqit for all
those living in those places, and beside them for those who come through those
places with the intention of performing Hajj and Umrah and whoever lives within
these places should assume Ihram from his dwelling place, and similarly the
people of Makkah can assume Ihram from Makkah (Sahih al-Bukhari).”
“When these two towns (Basra
and Kufa) were captured, the people went to Umar and said, ‘O Chief of the
faithful believers! The Prophet (S.A.W) fixed Qarn as the Miqat for the people
of Najd, it is beyond our way and it is difficult for us to pass through it.’
He said, ‘Take as your Miqat a place situated opposite to Qarn on your usual
way.’ So, he fixed Dhat Irq (as their Miqat) (Sahih al-Bukhari).”
“The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
defined the miqaat of the people of Madeenah as Dhu’l-Hulayfah; that of the
people of Shaam (Syria) as al-Juhfah; that of the people of Najd as Qarn
al-Manaazil; and that of the people of Yemen as Yalamlam. And he said: And these
miqaats are for the people at those very places, and for others who come
through those places with the intention of performing Hajj and ‘Umrah; and
whoever is living within these boundaries can enter ihraam from the place from
which he sets out, and the people of Makkah can start (and enter ihram) from
Makkah (al-Bukhaari, no. 1254; Muslim, no. 1181).”
"When these two areas
were opened, they came to' Umar and said: O Commander of the Faithful, the
Messenger of ALLAH (peace be upon him) peace be upon him."
After the invasion of Basra and Kufa, during the reign of
Omar ibn al-Khattab I, other meeqats were built:
The following are the meeqaat locations associated with the
direction of Mecca in relation to Islamic traditions:
Masjid Aisha (Masjid at-Tan’eem)
Aisha Mosque, also known as Al-Taneem Mosque, is a mosque in
Al Hail, 7.5 km from the Kaaba. (It is the place where the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered Aisha [RA] to decorate the ihraam for
the Hajj deposit.) It is located south of Mecca on the road to Medina. This
mosque is a meeqaat site for people living in Makkah and is the closest 'boundary'
to wearing ihram.
Jabir (RA) reported that Aisha (RA) was menstruating when
the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered her to complete
all the rituals of Hajj except tawaaf. She performed tawaaf after menstruation.
She said:
"O Messenger of ALLAH (S.A.W)! While you are doing Hajj and Umrah, you only performed Hajj."
Afterwards, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be
upon him) asked her brother Abdul Rahman to take her to Taneem. This was the
place where Umrah performed after Hajj.
Dhul Hulayfah (Abyar Ali)
The meeqaat is located 18 km northwest of the Prophet's
Mosque and 410 km north of Mecca. The meeqaat was built for the people of
Medina and those who intend to perform the Hajj from the north. (For people
living in Medina or for those approaching Mecca from the same direction.)
Al-Juhfah (Rabigh)
Located 182 km northwest of Mecca. This meeqaat is for
people who come from Europe, North America and Africa (Turkey, surprisingly, is
included in this list). Pilgrims can enter the state of Ihram in Rabigh, a
small town north of Al Jahfa. (For people who come from the direction of
Syria).
Qarn al-Manazil (al-Sayl)
This timer is for the people of Najaf and those from the UK,
Oman, Pakistan, Malaysia, Australia, etc. Located 80 kilometers east of Mecca
near Taif. (For the people of Nejd who come from the same direction.)
Dhat Irq
Dedicated to travelers from Iraq, Iran, China etc. for
pilgrimage, this meeqaat is located 90 km northeast of Mecca. (To the people of
Iran and Iraq and those who come to Mecca from the same direction.)
Yalamlam (al-Sadiah)
This meeqaat is located 100 kilometers south of Mecca. It
exists for the people of Yemen, pilgrims from countries like South Africa,
Nigeria, Pakistan, Japan, etc., and those who come on board. (For people coming
from the south.)
Adorning Ihram whilst travelling by air
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
identified the meeqaat sites in an hadith narrated by Ibn Abbas (R.A.), who
said:
While scholars unanimously agree on meeqaat sites, there are
different arguments and explanations from different scholars on the issue of
wearing ihram. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said the
following words about the case of ijtihad:
Truly, ALLAH has decreed some obligatory acts, so do not abandon them; He has put limitations, do not exceed them; and He has left some things open in mercy for you, so do not ask about them.
Some scholars, in the light of this hadith, offer a simpler
solution on the issue of decorating ihram in the Meeqaat. The Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) specified some meeqaat in his life, but he
did not specify it for people who did not reach Islam.
Scientists are divided on these issues: since there is no
textual evidence of pilgrims traveling through the air (since this luxury was
not available to people in ancient times), some scholars conclude that the
Meeqa lands should be considered separate from the air. -Travel.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of ALLAH be upon him) did
not provide any information about people coming from the West to perform the
Hajj (no Muslim at that time delivered water from Africa's direction for Hajj);
therefore, some scholars argue that pilgrims arriving by air do not have to
Wear Ihram on the plane (plane), not to make unnecessary discomfort for
pilgrims. They can do this when they get off the plane to take the flight on
the ground.
If the plane lands within the boundaries of a Meeqaat, it
can enter the state of ihram on landing. If they leave a plane before the
Meeqaat border, they can wear ihraam when entering the boundaries set for the
first Meeqaat on their way to Mecca or a parallel place if there is no Meeqaat
on the way. If they reach a place between the Meeqaat and Mecca, they can adorn
the ihram from the place of arrival.
Jeddah International Airport is located within the
boundaries of Miqat. Thus, pilgrims can wear ihram here, without any hassle;
however, there is no textual evidence to support the claim that the pilgrim
should enter ihram when the plane crosses the boundary of a Meeqaat or a
parallel place.
Other scholars say that pilgrims are not allowed to pass the
Meeqaat regardless of how they travel. This is supported by the statement of
Ibn 'Umar (may ALLAH be pleased with him), who said:
We find it, but
it is out of our way and if we are going to a century it is difficult for us.
Omar (R.A) built a Meeqaat for pilgrims who did not cross
the original Meeqat by road. According to this interpretation, the same logic
applies to air travel; therefore, anyone who lines up with a Meeqaat must enter
into a state of ihram. It is better for the pilgrim to wear ihram before
approaching the Meeqaat because of the tremendous speed of the aircraft.
A few scholars also suggest that ihram can be decorated
before embarking on a plane; however, since Islam does not place a burden on
pilgrims, it remains to be the subject of controversy among scholars;
therefore, it is appropriate for pilgrims to consult scientists before they
leave on their journeys and choose methods that do not Cause them any
inconvenience or inconvenience.
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